BJS: Bureau of Justice Statistics

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Employment and Expenditure
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Every year since 1980, BJS has extracted justice expenditure and employment data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment. BJS publishes these data in the Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts series, which presents estimates of government expenditures and employment for the following justice categories: police protection, all legal and judicial functions (including prosecution, courts, and public defense), and corrections. This series includes national, federal, and state-level estimates, as well as data for large local governments (counties with populations of 500,000 or more and cities with populations of 300,000 or more). The unit of analysis in the Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts series is the government. For example, the corrections employment reported for a particular state represents the total of all correctional personnel employed by that state, regardless of which prison, probation office, or other corrections agency employs them.

BJS also periodically collects more detailed justice expenditure data through the Justice Assistance Data Survey. These data are used to help calculate formula grants.

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Data Collections & Surveys

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Publications & Products


Justice Assistance Grant Program, 2016 Describes the steps used in the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) formula calculation process and presents summary results of the fiscal year (FY) 2016 calculations.
  PDF (485K) | ASCII file (41K) | CSV (Comma-delimited format) (Zip format 7K)
Part of the Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program Series

Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, 2015 Describes the steps used in the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) formula calculation process and presents summary results of the fiscal year (FY) 2015 formula calculations.
  PDF (486KB) | ASCII file (41KB) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 20KB)
Part of the Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program Series

Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2012 - Preliminary Presents data from the Census Bureau's Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances and Annual Survey of Public Employment and Payroll.
  Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 117K) | Historical Overview (ASCII file 4K) | Definitions of Terms and Concepts (ASCII file 15K) | Methodology (ASCII file 30K) | Comparability issues (ASCII file 21K)
Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, 2014 Describes the steps used in the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) formula calculation process and presents summary results of the FY 2014 formula calculations.
  PDF (741K) | ASCII file (38K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 7K)
Part of the Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program Series

Indigent Defense Services in the United States, FY 2008–2012 - Updated Describes the indigent defense system for each state and the District of Columbia, including information on administration, methods of operation, and funding.
  PDF (787K) | ASCII file (162K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 68K)

State Government Indigent Defense Expenditures, FY 2008–2012 - Updated Provides data on state government indigent defense expenditures for fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
  PDF (997K) | ASCII file (38K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 26K)

Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2010 - Final Presents data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment.
  Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 68K) | Historical Overview (ASCII file 4K) | Definitions of Terms and Concepts (ASCII file 30K) | Methodology (ASCII file 15K) | Comparability issues (ASCII file 21K)
Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2011 - Preliminary Presents data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment.
  Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 68K) | Historical Overview (ASCII file 4K) | Definitions of Terms and Concepts (ASCII file 30K) | Methodology (ASCII file 15K) | Comparability issues (ASCII file 21K)
Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2009 - Final Presents data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment.
  Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 68K) | Historical Overview (ASCII file 4K) | Definitions of Terms and Concepts (ASCII file 30K) | Methodology (ASCII file 15K) | Comparability issues (ASCII file 21K)
Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

Local Government Corrections Expenditures, FY 2005-2011 Presents data on local government corrections expenditures from fiscal years 2005 to 2011.
  PDF (870K) | ASCII file (15K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 23K)
Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

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Terms & Definitions

Direct expenditure All expenditure except that classified as inter­govern­mental. It includes "direct current expenditure" (salaries, wages, fees, commissions and purchases of supplies, materials, and contractual services) and "capital outlays" (con­struction and purchase of equipment, land, and existing structures). Capital outlays are included for the year when the direct expenditure is made, regardless of how the funds are raised (for example, by bond issue) or when they are paid back.
 
Full-time employees All persons employed on a full-time basis, including all full-time temporary or seasonal workers who were employed during this pay period.
 
Full-time equivalent employment A statistical measure that estimates the number of full-time employees that could have been employed if the reported number of hours worked by part-time employees had been worked by full-time employees.
 
Intergovernmental expenditure The sum of payments from one government to another, including grants-in-aid, shared revenues, payments in lieu of taxes, and amounts for services performed by one government for another on a reimbursable or cost-sharing basis (for example, payments by one government to another for boarding prisoners). It excludes amounts paid to other governments for purchase of commodities, property, or utility services.
 
Judicial and legal services Includes all civil and criminal courts and acti­vities associated with courts, such as law libraries, grand juries, petit juries, medical and social service activities, court reporters, judicial councils, bailiffs, and probate functions. It also includes the civil and criminal justice activities of the attorneys general, dis­trict attorneys, state's attorneys, and their variously named equivalents and corporation coun­sels, solicitors, and legal departments with various names. It excludes legal units of noncriminal justice agencies, whose functions may be performed by a legal services department in other jurisdictions (such as a county counsel).
 
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